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Grammar study page: past perfect and past simple

Structure of past simple

I saw him yesterday.

I didn't (did not) see him yesterday.

Did you see him?


Structure of past perfect

 I'd (I had) seen him.   

You hadn't (had not) seen him.

Had you seen him?


Past perfect - common mistakes

Common mistakes

Correct version

Why?

I didn't been to London.

I hadn't been to London.

The helping verb had / hadn't is used in the past perfect.

When I saw him, I noticed that he had a haircut.

When I saw him I noticed that he had had a haircut.

The action (haircut) which happened before another past action must be put into the past perfect to make the time order clear to the listener.

He told me has been to London.

He told me he had been to London.

His original words were: ''I have been to London.'' However, in reported speech we move the tense back - the present perfect (have been) becomes past perfect (had been).


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